From PBS Space Time.
Use code PBS to get 15% off all Hoverpens and free shipping to most countries for the first 48 hours, 10% off after that. North America / UK / Australia / International: https://bit.ly/pbs_novium
EU: https://bit.ly/pbs_noviumeu
Help Protect PBS & American Public Media
Around 2 billion years ago, life had plateaued in complexity, ruined the atmosphere, and was on the verge of self-annihilation. But then something strange and potentially extremely lucky happened that enabled endless new evolutionary paths. The first eukaryote cell was born. This may also explain why there are no aliens.
Patreon Interview with Dr. Matt Caplan
Cool World Episode:
Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime
Check out the Space Time Merch Store
pbsspacetime
Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime
Search the Entire Space Time Library Here: https://search.pbsspacetime.com/
Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by Matt O’Dowd
Post Production by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini & Stephanie Faria
Directed by Andrew Kornhaber
Associate Producer: Bahar Gholipour
Executive Producer: Andrew Kornhaber
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
Assistant Director of Programming for PBS: John Campbell
Spacetime is a production of Kornhaber Brown for PBS Digital Studios.
This program is produced by Kornhaber Brown, which is solely responsible for its content.
© 2025 PBS. All rights reserved.
End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/user/MultiDroideka
Space Time Was Made Possible In Part By:
Big Bang
Tj Steyn
Bryce Fort
Peter Barrett
Alexander Tamas
Morgan Hough
Juan Benet
Vinnie Falco
Mark Rosenthal
Gavin Rowland
Supernova
Grace Biaelcki
Glenn Sugden
Ethan Cohen
Stephen Wilcox
Robert Ilardi
The Tyacke boys
Mark Heising
Hypernova
Spencer Jones
Dean Galvin
Mike Purvis
Michael Tidwell
Stephen Saslow
Stephen Spidle
Massimiliano Pala
Justin Lloyd
David Giltinan
Kenneth See
Gregory Forfa
Alex Kern
Scott Gorlick
Paul Stehr-Green
Ben Delo
Scott Gray
Антон Кочков
John R. Slavik
Donal Botkin
chuck zegar
Daniel Muzquiz
Gamma Ray Burst
Collin Dutrow
Marion Lang
Kurt Gottselig
Rick Magnun
Bryan White
Eric Raschke
aaron pinto
Kacper Cieśla
Satwik Pani
John De Witt
Nathaniel Bennett
Sandhya Devi
Michael Oulvey
Arko Provo Mukherjee
Christopher Wade
Anthony Crossland
Robert DeChellis
Tomaz Lovsin
Anthony Leon
Nick Hoffenstoffer III
Lori Ferris
Koen Wilde
Nicolas Katsantonis
Richard Steenbergen
Joe Pavlovic
Chuck Lukaszewski
Cole B Combs
Jerry Thomas
John Anderson
Bradley Ulis
Craig Falls
Kane Holbrook
Ross Story
Harsh Khandhadia
Matt Quinn
Michael Lev
Rad Antonov
Terje Vold
James Trimmier
Jeremy Soller
Paul Wood
Kent Durham
jim bartosh
John H. Austin, Jr.
Diana S Polijar
Faraz Khan
Almog Cohen
Daniel Jennings
Ben McIntosh
David Johnston
Michael Barton
Isaac Suttell
Bleys Goodson
Mark Delagasse
Mark Daniel Cohen
Shane Calimlim
Tybie Fitzhugh
Eric Kiebler
Craig Stonaha
Frederic Simon
Tonyface
Matthew Johnson
Michael Purcell
John Funai
Adrien Molyneux
Bradley Jenkins
Vlad Shipulin
Justin Waters
Thomas Dougherty
Zac Sweers
Dan Warren
Joseph Salomone
Param Saxena
